Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation kurt e. Stovs are a fundamental element of the nonlinear collapse and subsequent propagation of short optical pulses in material media, and conserve topological charge. Electromagnetic waves and antennas rutgers university. The modern asymptotic theory used here relies on olvers saddlepoint method stud.
Coherent propagation of an optical pulse in a bragg plasmon. The relationship between both the mathematical and physical interpretation of classical electromagnetic field theory with the special theory of relativity is emphasized throughout the volume. In optics, an ultrashort pulse of light is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond 10. We determine the spatial extent of this guided mode and its velocity. Pdf propagation of electromagnetic pulses researchgate. This approach permits the accurate propagation of fullvectorial fields because it does not need approximations accompanied by a secondorder derivative with respect to the propagating direction. We have developed and implemented a numerical technique for the propagation of the electromagnetic field in a fivelevel reverse saturable absorber medium, which includes the nonlinear kerr effect and dispersion. Group velocity mismatch at ultrashort electromagnetic pulse. Full text of optical pulse propagation with minimal. Amplification of ultrashort pulses almost always requires the technique of chirped pulse.
Electromagnetics and applications mit opencourseware. Electromagnetic wave propagation into fresh water shan jiang, stavros georgakopoulos. Depending on the sign of the material dispersion, the local electromagnetic energy flow is saddle or spiral about the stov. Spatial propagation is the usual choice in nonlin ear optics and optical pulse propagation, where flelds et, x, y, ht, x, y are stepped forward in a chosen spa tial direction z. Introduction to electromagnetic and electrooptical. Transmission and attenuation of electromagnetic pulses the purpose of this experiment is to acquaint you with some of the principles involved in the manipulation of electrical pulses. Volume 2 covers temporal pulse dynamics in dispersive attenuative media, with asymptotic analysis at the forefront. On the propagation of electromagnetic pulses with low.
Electromagnetic formalism of the propagation and amplification of. Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media kurt e. Coherent propagation of an optical pulse in a bragg. The treatment was primarily for acoustic waves, modeling the whispering gallery effect, but he pointed out that electromagnetic waves should behave similarly. Transmission and attenuation of electromagnetic pulses. Temporal pulse dynamics in dispersive, attenuative media springer series in optical sciences on. All plots are generated from the analytical form of the fd pulse, eqs. It uses maxwells equations as a starting point and retains the vector nature of the electromagnetic field throughout the semester. Ultrashort tiltedpulsefront pulses and nonparaxial tilted. Effects of pmd on pulse propagation polarization mode dispersion pmd can cause serious problems in high bitrate transmissions. Pulse propagation in optical fibers using the moment method. Propagation of an optical pulse of several femtoseconds duration through a. Under certain conditions, ultrashort pulse dynamics in a linear dispersive medium with absorption result in the appearance of optical precursors that dominate the pulse evolution for large propagation distances as the peak amplitude in the initial pulse spectrum decays exponentially.
Study of the optical properties of dielectric spheres has received new interest with improvements in optical instrumentation and the emergency of new applications for highq resonators. This leads to the effect of dispersive spreading of an optical pulse. The rigorous description of the signal velocity of a pulse in a dispersive material is presented in connection with the question of superluminal pulse propagation. Navotny physicaltechnical institute of the uzbek academy of sciences, 2b, g. Simple theory of electromagnetic energy and momentum propagation the present section is devoted to a derivation of some basic results for electromagnetic.
Propagation modes in fiber light, while propagating in the fiber, can be seen sa an electromagnetic phenomenon, and the whole propagating mechanism, which can be described by the electromagnetic optical fields associated to it, is governed by maxwell equations 1. It has recently been shown that optical pulses propagating in whispering gallery modes can be treated analogously to pulses in a fiber optic waveguide. University of groningen electromagnetic pulse propagation in. Electrical engineering wave propagation and scattering in random media a volume in the ieeeoup series on electromagnetic wave theory donald g. Optical pulse propagation via whispering gallery modes in. These variables control processes including refraction, absorption, and scattering. Coherent optical pulse dynamics in nanocomposite plasmonic bragg gratings i.
Outline 1 introduction 2 propagation as a linear lter 3 causality and various velocities 4 transients and steady state 5 group velocity as peak velocity. Download pdf principlesofopticselectromagnetictheory. An errata file updated october 19, 2019 is also available here. The numerical method combines a split step beam propagation method with the cranknicholson method. Wave propagation in a random medium download ebook pdf. We show by numerical techniques that brillouins approximations for the saddlepoint locations break down in certain spacetime regions. Current interest in these areas is driven by the growth in wireless and fiberoptic communications, information technology, and materials science. Propagation of a gaussian electromagnetic pulse and laser. Osa electromagneticfield propagation based on maxwells. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. We discuss propagation of an ultimately short singlecycle pulse of an electromagnetic field in a medium whose dispersion and nonlinear properties can be described by the cubicquintic duffing. Mcmahon abstract the propagation of solitary waves in a bragg grating formed by an array of thin nanostructured dielectric. Simulation of electromagnetic pulse propagation in threedimensional finitedifference timedomain fdtd method using parallel processing techniques w. Nonlinear guided waves, dynamics of nonlinear optical systems, ber optics pacs.
Download electromagnetic waves and antennas by sophocles j. Phononpolaritons generated through isrs by a 50 fs optical pulse with spot size a 50 m and b 10 m, and detected after having propagated 1. Lithium niobate linbo3 waveguides for electromagnetic pulse emp sensing. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields such as those used in ultrawideband radar and communications systems as well as in ultrashort pulsed optics through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal. The photonic crystal slabs have frequency dispersion and absorption. Fundamentals of optical waveguides is an essential resource for any researcher, professional or student involved in optics and communications engineering. Introduction optical phenomena in the media with the linear refractive index, which periodically changes along the propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave, have attracted attention of researchers. Drude model of conductivity rocardpowles extension optical beam field propagation propagation in attenuative media propagation in dispersive media pulsed electromagnetic field propagation superliminal pulse propagation timedomain electromagnetics timedomain optics ultrashort pulses asymptotic methods in optics.
Chen1, 1microelectronics research center, the university of texas at austin, 10100 burnet road bldg 160 mer, austin. Electromagnetic waves can be generated by a variety of methods, such as a discharging spark or by an oscillating molecular dipole. Propagation filter, front velocity and causality, exact medium response examples, transient and steadystate behavior, pulse propagation and group velocity, group velocity dispersion and pulse spreading, propagation and chirping, dispersion compensation, slow, fast, and negative group velocities, chirp radar and pulse compression. With a data rate of 40gbits, the pulses are spaced by 25ps. Electromagnetic wave propagation florida state university. Simulation of electromagnetic and optical wave propagation in, e. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation presents a systematic treatment of the radiation and propagation of transient electromagnetic and optical wave fields such as those used in ultrawideband radar and communications systems as well as in ultrashort pulsed optics through causal, locally linear media which exhibit both temporal dispersion and absorption. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation volume 1. You will study reflections, measure the effects of termination resistances, and measure pulse propagation velocities for coaxial cables. The propagation of wideband electromagnetic pulses in a causal, temporally dispersive dielectric has been studied since the beginning of the 19th century 1 3. University of groningen electromagnetic pulse propagation. Lectures and problem sets cover the following topics.
Propagation of electromagnetic energy and momentum through an. Coherent optical pulse dynamics in nanocomposite plasmonic. Propagation of a gaussian electromagnetic pulse and laser acceleration relatore. Buy electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2. The entire book is freely available in pdf 2up format, and in pdf 1up format. Osa propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a linear. May 18, 2011 starting from the uniform disk current model, an analytical solution for the electromagnetic pulse axial energy radiation is derived and a physical meaning then given to the axial energy propagation characteristics of a unit antenna.
Another interesting effect of photonic crystals is that the group velocity of an electromagnetic pulse can be reduced considerably 92,93 when the pulse is predominantly composed of frequencies that lie close to the edge of the band gap 111. Ultrashort optical pulse propagation in a dispersive medium. We report a direct observation of the electromagnetic wave propagation on optical antennas. Atmospheric variables that affect em propagation include temperature, moisture, pressure, and composition. However, because of the scaleinvariance of classical wave equations,such studies need not be performed at optical frequencies. This lesson describes the properties of electromagnetic and electro optical radiation and how their propagation is affected by the atmosphere and weather. Analytic approximations that describe the correct saddlepoint behavior are derived and applied to obtain improved asymptotic expressions. Propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a linear dispersive medium with. The uniform asymptotic description of electromagnetic pulse propagation in a singleresonance lorentz medium is presented.
Jul 16, 2007 this script simulates the propagation of an electromagnetic pulse in time and 2 spatial dimensions. Uniform asymptotic description of electromagnetic pulse. Examples are i propagation through the ionosphere plasma i propagation in optical bres and waveguides i propagation in lossy media i propagation in engineered composite materials in this lecture, we give tools to analyze and characterize. The electromagnetic brillouin precursor in onedimensional. This book gives a systematic, rigorous treatment of timedomain electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields in homogeneous, isotropic media, featuring asymptotic analysis of pulse propagation in dielectric, conducting, and semiconducting materials. With the method of steepest descent, they calculated that during the propagation of optical electromagnetic pulses in dielectric, nonmagnetic lorentz media with a single electron resonance, two different electromagnetic precursors. Oughstun in two volumes, this book presents a detailed, systematic treatment of electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields including ultrawideband signals and ultrashort pulses in dispersive absorptive media. Causes of multipath include atmospheric ducting, ionospheric reflection and refraction, and reflection from water bodies and terrestrial objects such as mountains and buildings multipath propagation causes multipath. Plane electromagnetic waves and wave p ropagation 7. Click download or read online button to principlesofoptics electromagnetic theoryof propagation interferenceanddiffractionoflight book pdf for free now. Pulse propagation in optical fiber using wavelets 273 effect of power in pulse propagation in figures 3 and 4, the pulse evolution is shown for different values of input power. The pulse effex, book 1 electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 1. The resulting movie is a map of the beam profile in the transverse direction i. Electromagnetic wave propagation java tutorial olympus.
Optical pulse propagation with minimal approximations. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation springerlink. This tutorial explores propagation of a virtual electromagnetic wave and considers the orientation of the magnetic and electric field vectors. Simulation of phononpolariton generation and propagation. An electromagnetic metamaterial affects electromagnetic waves that impinge on or interact with its structural features, which are smaller than the wavelength. Parameters such as the energy propagation characteristics and beamwidth. U ltrawideband electromagnetic pulse propagation in a causally dispersive dielectric is governed by the interrelated effects of phase and attenuation dispersion which alter the pulse in a. To behave as a homogeneous material accurately described by an effective refractive index, its features must be much smaller than the wavelength. Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media.
The sommerfeld precursor in photonic crystals in this chapter1, we calculate the sommerfeld precursor of an electromagnetic pulse that has been transmitted through a strati. High dynamic range electric field sensor for electromagnetic pulse detection cheyun lin,1,3 alan x. Department of electrical and computer engineering, florida international university, miami, usa. Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by modelocked oscillators. Pdf electromagnetic waves and antennas by sophocles j.
Introduction optical phenomena in the media with the linear refractive index, which periodically changes along the propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave, have attracted attention of researchers for the last ofty years. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 request pdf. A new analysis of electromagneticfield propagation is presented whereby the fieldpropagating step operators are derived from a direct method for solving maxwells equations. Orfanidis this text provides a broad and applicationsoriented introduction to electromagnetic waves and antennas. Figure 3 corresponds to the peak power of 1 mw while figure 4 is at 6 mw power. A freespace broadband terahertz pulse is coupled into a propagating mode along the shaft of an optical antenna acting as an apertureless near. From this solution, a pointsource approximation model in the time domain is introduced. Lithium niobate linbo waveguides for electromagnetic.
Gaussian pulse with the carrier frequency illustrated. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation volume 2. Any reader interested in designing or actively working with optical devices must have a firm grasp of the principles of lightwave propagation. Electromagnetic pulse prepping for tomorrow book 1 emp. Gupta department of electrical, electronic and computer engineering at napier university, edinburgh, uk abstract the authors have applied the 3d fdtd technique to simulate the. In the absence of free charge and current densities the maxwell equations are. In radio communication, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Early in this century, rayleigh showed that waves could propagate close to the wall of a spherical cavity with very little loss as long as the wavelength was small compared to the cavity circumference. The second edition contains new material on the effects of spatial dispersion on precursor formation, and pulse transmission into a dispersive half space and into multilayered media. The purpose of this experiment is to acquaint you with some of the principles involved in the manipulation of electrical pulses. Propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear media. Oughstun and others published electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Ec 565 is an advanced course dealing with the propagation of electromagnetic em waves in different types of optical media.
Electromagnetic pulse prepping for tomorrow book 1. High dynamic range electric field sensor for electromagnetic. Focused electromagnetic doughnut pulses and their interaction. The pulse broadening and reduction in peak power can be seen with propagation. Oughstun in two volumes, this book presents a detailed, systematic treatment of electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields including ultrawideband signals and ultrashort pulses.
Download principlesofoptics electromagnetic theoryof propagation interferenceanddiffractionoflight ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Propagation equations for optical pulses are needed to assist in describing applications in ever more extreme situations including those in metamaterials with linear and nonlinear magnetic. Equation 4 reveals that optical measurements are, in fact, measurements of. The relevant studies are motivated by their application to modern optical communication systems.
Wthe study of pulse propagation can have three distinct approaches. Caianiello and istituto nazionale di fisica della materia infm. Electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 2 springerlink. The polariton wavelength range is dictated by the optical pulse spot size.
To rotate the wave model, click and drag anywhere within the window. Ultrashort optical pulse propagation in a dispersive medium osa. Frequency dependent propagation often, the propagation parameters speed, impedance depend on frequency. Visible light is a commonly studied form of electromagnetic radiation, and exhibits oscillating electric and magnetic fields whose amplitudes and directions are represented by. Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. Individual chapters are available below in pdf in 2up format. Oughstun and others published electromagnetic and optical pulse propagation 1. In this lesson, the pmd emulator component is used to demonstrate the distortions in the transmitted signal, caused by first and second order pmd effects. Spectral representations in temporally dispersive media springer series in optical sciences v. The optical equivalent pulse has a 1015 times higher carrier frequency than shown here. The propagation properties of the transverse magnetic pulse are identical to the te case presented here, by replacing electric magnetic with magnetic electric. The classical theory of sommerfeld and brillouin of pulse propagation in a lorentz medium is reexamined. However, another factor which condition pulse propagation is the development of nonlinear effects, most notably, spm 9. Propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by modulated.
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